肺表面活性物质(Pulmonary surfactant,PS)由肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞合成,分布于肺泡和小气道表层,具有降低肺泡表面张力,防止肺不张和肺水肿的重要作用.新生儿肺透明膜病(HMD)是由于肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞发育未成熟,PS 合成减少甚或缺乏所致,绝大多数发生于早产儿,胎龄越小发病率越高,病死率 Pulmonary surfactant (Pulmonary surfactant, PS) is synthesized by alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells and distributed in the alveoli and small airway surface, which has the important role of reducing the surface tension of alveoli and preventing atelectasis and pulmonary edema. Neonatal pulmonary hyaline membrane disease HMD) is due to the development of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells immature, PS synthesis or lack of reduction due to the vast majority occur in premature children, the smaller the gestational age the higher the incidence of mortality, mortality