目的:观察健康管理预防颈动脉硬化的效果。方法:选择军队3所医院体检保健对象1616例,随机分为观察组806例和对照组810例。对照组采用常规治疗和一般教育,观察组在对照组的基础上,增加包括戒烟限酒和饮食干预等系统健康管理服务。两组均连续观察检测3年。采用颈动脉彩色多普勒超声(彩超)检测两组颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)及斑块的形成情况。结果:3年后,观察组IMT增厚和斑块检出率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:健康管理可有效预防IMT发生及斑块形成,建议将颈动脉彩超检查纳入军队中青年人员健康体检的常规项目。 Objective: To observe the effect of health management on the prevention of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 1616 physical examination subjects in the three hospitals of the army were selected and randomly divided into observation group 806 and control group 810. The control group received routine treatment and general education. On the basis of the control group, the observation group added systemic health management services including smoking cessation and alcohol restriction and diet intervention. Both groups were observed for 3 consecutive years. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque formation in the two groups were detected by color Doppler ultrasound. Results: After 3 years, IMT thickening and plaque detection rate in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Health management can effectively prevent the occurrence of IMT and plaque formation. It is suggested that the carotid ultrasonography be included in the routine items of physical examination of young and middle-aged people in the army.