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目的了解北京市海淀区市售食用菌中几种重金属的污染状况以及该区域居民对于食用菌重金属污染的知识、态度和购买及摄取行为。方法 2014年12月,采集海淀区大中型超市和农贸市场在售的香菇和木耳样品,微波消解后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,检测铜、铅、镉、砷、汞5种重金属元素在香菇和木耳中的含量以获得北京市这两种市售食用菌重金属污染状况。同时使用自制问卷,通过偶遇调查法了解海淀区部分居民对于食用菌重金属污染的知、信、行情况。结果福建产木耳As超标,为2.407μg/g;北京鲜香菇、北京干香菇及福建干香菇镉含量超标,分别为0.793μg/g、0.648μg/g和0.630μg/g;其余检测结果均符合国家标准。问卷调查发现,被调查者中,对于食用菌可能存在重金属污染的知晓率为32.1%,是否知晓与学历高低有关,P值<0.05。女性过去一个月吃木耳的频率比男性高(P<0.05),但每次吃的量比男性少(P<0.05)。结论北京市海淀区市售正规两种食用菌产品重金属污染风险较低,食用较为安全。居民重金属污染知晓率尚低,食品安全意识有待提高。
Objective To understand the pollution status of several heavy metals in commercially available edible fungi in Haidian District, Beijing, as well as the knowledge, attitude and purchase and intake behaviors of residents in the region for heavy metal pollution of edible fungi. Methods In December 2014, samples of mushrooms and fungus collected from large and medium-sized supermarkets and farmers’ markets in Haidian District were collected. Microwave digestion was followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to detect the contents of five heavy metal elements (Cu, Pb, Cd, And fungus content in order to obtain these two kinds of commercial edible fungi in Beijing heavy metal pollution. At the same time using self-made questionnaires, by accident investigation method to understand some residents of Haidian District, edible fungus for heavy metal pollution in the knowledge, letter, line situation. Results Aspergillus fumigatus produced in Fujian exceeded 2.407 μg / g. The contents of cadmium in Beijing fresh shiitake mushrooms, Beijing dried shiitake mushrooms and Fujian dried shiitake mushroom were over 0.793 μg / g, 0.648 μg / g and 0.630 μg / g, respectively. National standard. The survey found that respondents, the awareness of possible contamination of edible mushrooms was 32.1%, whether the knowledge and the level of education, P value <0.05. Females ate more fungus than males in the past month (P <0.05), but less eats per meal than males (P <0.05). Conclusion The risk of heavy metal pollution of two regular edible fungi on the market in Haidian District of Beijing is relatively low, and the consumption is safer. Residents awareness of heavy metal pollution is still low, food safety awareness needs to be improved.