线粒体不仅是细胞的能量单元,还是重要的活性氧产生场所。线粒体内的活性氧与正常的生理功能和人类疾病具有紧密的联系,包括细胞信号传导,损伤核酸蛋白质以及诱导氧化应激。然而,线粒体活性氧和细胞病态之间的复杂联系还研究得不够透彻。有效检测线粒体内活性氧的手段有助于研究线粒体内活性氧在各种人类疾病中所起的作用。近年来,发展了许多具有高灵敏度和选择性的荧光探针用于检测线粒体内活性氧。基于这一点,我们综述了用于选择性检测线粒体内活性氧的小分子荧光探针的研究进展,并详细讨论了荧光探针的设计、合成、特点及其应用。 Mitochondria are not only the cells of the energy unit, or an important place for reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species in mitochondria are closely linked to normal physiological functions and human diseases, including cell signaling, damage to nucleic acid proteins and induction of oxidative stress. However, the complex association between mitochondrial ROS and cytopathology has not been well studied. Efficient detection of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria helps to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria in various human diseases. In recent years, many fluorescent probes with high sensitivity and selectivity have been developed for the detection of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Based on this, we review the progress of the small-molecule fluorescent probes for the selective detection of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, and discuss the design, synthesis, characteristics and applications of fluorescent probes in detail.