各种原因引起的门静脉高压(门脉高压)均可产生食管和(或)胃静脉曲张,其破裂出血是门脉高压症最常见的并发症之一,发生率35%~80%,病死率高达50%。首次出血存活的患者如果不进行有效治疗,1年复发率达50%~80%,积极处理后再出血的概率仍高达30%[1]。胃静脉曲张的发生率低于食管静脉曲张,见于5%~33%的门脉高压患者,其中10.0%~36.0%的患者会在数年内发生破裂出血[2]。食管静脉 Various causes of portal hypertension (portal hypertension) can produce esophageal and (or) gastric varices, the rupture of hemorrhage is one of the most common complications of portal hypertension, the incidence of 35% to 80%, the mortality rate Up to 50%. Patients who survive for the first time, if not treated effectively, have a recurrence rate of 50% to 80% at 1 year and a high probability of up to 30% after aggressive treatment [1]. The incidence of gastric varices is lower than esophageal varices, seen in 5% to 33% of patients with portal hypertension, of which 10.0% to 36.0% of patients will burst bleeding within a few years [2]. Esophageal vein