1.绪言为了保护和装饰外板,车辆上涂有各种涂料。由于车辆的运行环境和清洗的需要,车辆用涂料必须具备耐风化性和耐洗剂性,还要求有美观上的保色性和良好的光泽稳定性。现在,车辆用涂料主要是苯二甲酸树脂涂料,新干线车辆则采用丙烯酸类树脂涂料。此外,非黄变型聚氨酯树脂涂料和硅有机醇酸树脂涂料的耐风化性也很好,适合作车辆外板的涂料。为此,从1969年起,日本铁道 1. Introduction In order to protect and decorate the outer panel, the vehicle is coated with a variety of coatings. Due to the vehicle’s operating environment and the need for cleaning, the vehicle coatings must be weather-resistant and wash-resistant, as well as requiring good color retention and good gloss stability. Nowadays, the vehicle paint is mainly phthalic resin paint, Shinkansen vehicles are acrylic paint. In addition, non-yellowing urethane resin coatings and silicon alkyd resin coatings weathering resistance is also very good, suitable for coating the vehicle exterior. To this end, from 1969 onwards, Japan Railway