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近年来,由于全球气温升高,导致西藏地区泥石流暴发频率增加,其中包括冰川降雨型泥石流灾害。以西藏林芝地区的冰川降雨型泥石流为研究对象,首次通过观测冰川降雨型泥石流起动过程中水位、孔隙水压力等变化特征,得到水位、孔隙水压力与堆积坡度、堆积厚度的关系以及沟道物质起动特征,根据水位、空隙水压力的时间变化特征,得到不同试验条件下水位与孔隙水压力的相互关系。通过相似物理实验,分析实验过程中流量、流深、流速等参数与泥石流堆积坡度、堆积厚度的关系,并将冰川降雨型泥石流起动分为前期饱和阶段、起动阶段、堆积阶段。由相似比得到研究区典型冰川泥石流起动的流深、流速等野外观测结果与实验结果与一致,为研究区冰川降雨型泥石流的研究提供参考。
In recent years, due to the global warming, debris flow in Tibet increased the frequency of debris flow, including glacier rainfall debris flow disaster. Taking the glacial rainfall-type debris flow in Linzhi area of Tibet as the research object, the relationship between water level, pore water pressure, sedimentation slope and accumulation thickness and the relationship between channel material and sediment thickness were obtained for the first time by observing the characteristics of water level and pore water pressure during the onset of glacial- According to the temporal variation of water level and pore water pressure, the correlation between water level and pore water pressure under different test conditions is obtained. Through similar physical experiments, the relationship between the parameters such as flow rate, flow depth and flow velocity, and the slope and accumulation thickness of debris flow during the experiment was analyzed. The onset of glacier and rainfall debris flow was divided into pre-saturation phase, start-up phase and accumulation phase. From the similarity ratio, the flow depth and flow velocity of the typical glacial debris flow in the study area are consistent with the experimental results, so as to provide reference for the research on the glacial rainfall type debris flow in the study area.