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目的评价外科医生职业紧张程度。方法采用职业紧张问卷(OSI)对唐山市9所医院外科医生237名和辅助科室医生163名进行测试,并调查其年龄、性别、文化程度、工龄等一般情况。数据分别用χ2检验、t检验、协方差分析、逐步回归模型进行分析。结果外科医生组工作控制、工作需求、工作危险、工作责任、物理环境得分高于对照组(F=7.285,4.523,4.209,5.937,20.972;P<0.05);工作冲突、角色紧张得分低于对照组(F=33.334,10.874;P<0.001);外科医生组社会支持、应付策略与自尊感得分高于对照组(F=11.326,14.821,9.864,P<0.01;);外科医生组心身症状、每日紧张感、负性情绪得分高于对照组(F=4.357,15.289,4.108;P<0.05),正性情绪得分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(F=2.152,P<0.05)。外科医生紧张反应的主要影响因素有工作角色紧张、工作前景不明确、工作危险性大、工作冲突多、应付策略少、社会支持不力和物理环境差。结论外科医生紧张程度较高,心身症状多、每日紧张感较强及负性情绪多。
Objective To evaluate the degree of occupational stress in surgeons. Methods Occupational Stress Questionnaire (OSI) was used to test 237 surgeons and 163 assistant doctors in 9 hospitals in Tangshan City and to investigate the general situation such as age, gender, educational level and seniority. The data were analyzed by χ2 test, t test, covariance analysis and stepwise regression model respectively. Results The score of work control, work requirement, work risk, job responsibility and physical environment in surgeon group were higher than those in control group (F = 7.285, 4.523, 4.209, 5.937, and 5.972, P <0.05) (F = 33.334, 10.874; P <0.001). The score of social support, coping strategies and self-esteem in surgeon group were higher than those in control group (F = 11.326,14.821,9.864, P <0.01) The scores of daily emotional stress and negative emotion were higher than those of the control group (F = 4.357, 15.289, 4.108; P <0.05), and the positive emotion scores were lower than those of the control group (F = 2.152, P <0.05) . The main influencing factors of surgeon’s nervous reaction are: the job role is tense, the working prospect is not clear, the job is dangerous, the job is more conflict, the coping strategy is less, the social support is poor and the physical environment is poor. Conclusion Surgeons have higher stress, more psychosomatic symptoms, more intense daily tension and more negative emotions.