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我利用篮球或热水袋(大号18.5cm×22.5cm)为主要器材,设计制作了液压机模型、液压演示仪、液压秤等液压演示装置。现将其结构及演示方法介绍如下。一.液压机模型实验装置如图1所示,图中3、4、5、6、7之间均用橡皮管联接,其中4、6阀门系用玻璃管和钢珠制成或用滴管和钢珠合成。演示时热水袋中先充水300～400ml,以免热水袋边缘受压而破损,同时要将袋中空气排出,这是因为当热水袋中的水或空气的体积超过600ml 时,热水袋中间部分就会凸起,致使木板和热水袋的有效接触面积减小。用篮球时,把篮球气门塞子拔下,插入适当粗细的玻璃管即可,充水量以篮球容积的一半为宜。
I used a basketball or hot water bottle (large 18.5cm x 22.5cm) as the main equipment, and designed a hydraulic demonstration device such as a hydraulic model, a hydraulic demonstrator, and a hydraulic scale. The structure and demonstration method are described below. A hydraulic machine model experimental device shown in Figure 1, the figure 3,4,5,6,7 are connected with a rubber tube, in which the 4 and 6 valves are made of glass tubes and steel beads or with dropper and steel ball synthesis. Demonstrate that the hot water bottle is filled with 300 to 400 ml of water in order to prevent the hot water bag from being damaged by pressure and to discharge the air in the bag. This is because when the volume of water or air in the hot water bottle exceeds 600 ml, the middle part of the hot water bag will be raised. As a result, the effective contact area between the wood board and the hot water bottle is reduced. When using basketball, unplug the basketball valve plug and insert a glass tube of appropriate thickness. The water volume should be half of the basketball volume.