为了增强四象限光电检测模型对大气环境的适应性,在大气信道二次调制的基础上对四象限光电检测模型展开了研究。首先从误差原理的角度,推导大气环境下光轴检测系统中的固有分辨精度与细分精度的关系;接着通过分析四象限光电检测系统在大气环境下受到的外界约束条件,指出信标光的信噪比和光轴偏移量是影响光轴检测系统的两个重要技术参数。在此基础上,提出在大气环境下提高光轴检测系统的固有分辨精度可以降低整个系统对大气信道的敏感度,大气信道对光轴检测的细分影响严重,如果采用较高的固有分辨精度,光轴检测精度依然可以满足激光通信光轴对准的需要。 In order to enhance the adaptability of the four-quadrant photoelectric detection model to the atmospheric environment, a four-quadrant photoelectric detection model was studied based on the quadratic modulation of the atmospheric channel. Firstly, from the perspective of error principle, the relationship between intrinsic resolution accuracy and subdivision precision in optical axis detection system under atmospheric environment is deduced. Then by analyzing the external constraints of four-quadrant photoelectric detection system in atmospheric environment, Signal-to-noise ratio and optical axis offset are two important technical parameters affecting the optical axis detection system. On this basis, it is proposed that improving the inherent resolution accuracy of the optical axis detection system in the atmosphere can reduce the sensitivity of the entire system to the atmospheric channel, and the atmospheric channel has a serious impact on the optical axis detection segmentation. If the inherent resolution accuracy is high, , Optical axis detection accuracy can still meet the needs of laser communication optical axis alignment.