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土壤盐渍化作为主要的土地退化形式之一,已成为一个全球性问题。盐渍地的时空动态变化特征分析研究,是发展研究盐渍地动态监测与预报技术的重要基础工作之一,对于及时掌握盐渍化程度与分布,合理制定土地利用政策与生态改良措施,实现区域可持续发展等方面具有重要作用。针对目前塔里木盆地北缘地区广泛存在的土壤盐渍化问题,基于GIS和遥感变化检测方法,对渭-库绿洲1989、2001、2007年三个时期的盐渍地时空动态变化特征及其驱动力进行了分析。研究结果表明:1989-2007年间重度盐渍地的变化程度剧烈,呈剧烈增加态势;中轻度盐渍地面积减少,主要向重度盐渍地和非盐渍地转化;非盐渍地有所减少,主要向中轻度盐渍地和重度盐渍地转化;绿洲内部盐渍化程度有所降低,而绿洲外围盐渍化程度加剧;盐渍地重心具有向绿洲外围东南方向转移的趋势;通过分析盐渍地时空动态变化特征,表明盐渍地时空变化是一个极其复杂的过程,同时受到自然和人文两大系统的驱动,人为不合理的灌溉是促使土壤盐渍化的主要驱动力。研究为盐渍地时空动态分析与评价提供了普适性较强的实现方法,为构建盐渍地定量监测模型提供了一定科学依据。
Soil salinization, as one of the major forms of land degradation, has become a global issue. It is one of the important basic work to develop the technology of dynamic monitoring and prediction of salinized soils. It is of great significance to grasp the degree and distribution of salinization in time and formulate the policies and ecological improvement measures of land use rationally Regional sustainable development has an important role. In view of the widespread soil salinization in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin, based on the GIS and remote sensing change detection methods, the spatial and temporal dynamics of saline land and its driving forces during the three periods of 1989, 2001 and 2007 Analyzed. The results showed that the degree of change of severe saline land was drastic and sharply increasing from 1989 to 2007; the area of mild salt land decreased, mainly converting to heavy saline land and non-salty land; The degree of salinization in the oasis decreased, while the degree of salinization in the periphery of the oasis increased; the center of salinity had the tendency of migrating to the southeast of the oasis; By analyzing the spatio - temporal changes of saline soils, it shows that the spatio - temporal changes of salinities are an extremely complex process driven by both natural and human systems. Irrational irrigation is the main driving force for soil salinization. The study provides a more generalized method for the spatio-temporal dynamic analysis and evaluation of saline soils, and provides a scientific basis for constructing a quantitative monitoring model of saline soils.