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空间目标观测策略是决定天基光学监视系统性能的关键因素之一,本文对国外已服役和在研的GEO目标天基光学监视系统及其观测策略进行了讨论。首先,概述了GEO目标天基光学监视技术的发展历程;然后,简要分析了GEO目标的轨道特性,并在此基础上讨论了主流的GEO目标监视策略;最后,针对近年来呈现出的监视系统小型化和自主运行的发展趋势,对SBO载荷与3U CubeSat星座的目标监视性能进行了仿真评估。实验结果表明:SBO载荷和CubeSat卫星均可探测1 m直径的GEO目标,单颗SBO载荷探测GEO目标比例大于51%,观测弧长和重访周期分别约1.2°和1.5天,CubeSat星座则可探测超过90%的GEO目标,平均观测弧长和重访周期分别大于67.1°和小于0.4天。由此可见微小卫星通过组网能实现对GEO目标的独立自主监视。
Space target observation strategy is one of the key factors that determine the performance of space-based optical surveillance system. This paper discusses the GEO target space-based optical surveillance system and its observation strategy which have been in service and under study abroad. First of all, the course of the development of GEO target space-based optical monitoring technology is summarized. Then, the orbit characteristics of GEO target are briefly analyzed. On the basis of this, the mainstream GEO target monitoring strategy is discussed. Finally, Miniaturization and self-running trend of SBO load and the 3U CubeSat constellation of the target monitoring performance simulation evaluation. The experimental results show that both the SBO load and the CubeSat satellite can detect the GEO target of 1 m in diameter, the GEO target ratio of single SBO load detection is greater than 51%, the observed arc length and revisit cycle are about 1.2 ° and 1.5 days respectively, and the CubeSat constellation can be Detect GEO targets of over 90% with an average observed arc length and revisit cycle greater than 67.1 ° and less than 0.4 days, respectively. This shows that micro-satellite through the network to achieve the goal of independent monitoring of GEO.