建国初期，中国的私营经济在国民经济中曾经占有重要地位，─—在全国工业总产值构成中占48．7％。1954年以后，国家开始对资本主义工商业进行社会主义改造，到1956年底，私营经济已所剩无几。直到1978年底开始实行改革开放政策，个体私营经济才得以冲破意识形态的排斥和传统体 In the early years of the founding of New China, China’s private economy had an important place in the national economy, accounting for 48.7% of the country’s total industrial output. After 1954, the state began to carry out the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce. By the end of 1956, the private economy was running low. It was not until the end of 1978 that the policy of reform and opening up was implemented that the individual and private economy could break through the exclusion of ideology and the traditional body