对司汤达的经典之作《红与黑》的评析历来停留在社会层面,该运用法国著名哲学家拉康的精神分析理论对小说的欲望主体进行分析。认为小说主人公在“镜像阶段”形成的理想自我与被动的自恋欲望造成了他人格的分裂、异化与斗争;欲望主体的缺失使之发现真正的欲望对象永远无法企及,是人类存在本身所固有的缺失;欲望主体徘徊在想象界和象征界之间,在欲望主体的追求中,始终有一个客观化了的他者在“注视”着所谓的“责任”与“事业”。这是主人公走向死亡的最主要原因。 The criticism of Stendhal’s classic “Red and Black” has always remained at the social level. This analysis uses Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory, a famous French philosopher, to analyze the subject of desire. It is believed that the protagonist’s ideal self and passive desire for narcissism formed in the mirror phase of the novel have caused the splitting, alienation and struggle of his personality. The absence of the subject of desire makes it impossible to find the object of true desire forever, In the pursuit of the subject of desire, there is always an objectified one who is “obsessed” with so-called “responsibility” and “ cause”. This is the protagonist to death the most important reason.