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目的:探讨重庆市万州地区0~6岁儿童贫血的发病率、病因及防治措施。方法:选取2013年重庆市万州地区0~6岁儿童2 719例进行血红蛋白检测,调查儿童相关疾病的发生情况和饮食情况,分析儿童贫血的现状与病因。结果:男童贫血发病率(11.5%)高于女童(9.4%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着年龄的增加,贫血发病率呈现出一定程度的递减趋势。婴幼儿(0~2岁)贫血发病率(16.2%)明显高于学龄前儿童(3~6岁)(4.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。贫血患儿中患有消化系统疾病的207例(72.1%),患有血小板减少疾病的48例(16.7%),而后为患有其他疾病,相互间比较时,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:贫血是万州地区0~6岁儿童的常见病,多为消化系统疾病诱发。儿童年龄越小,机体抵抗力越差,越容易发病。针对贫血的发病原因,制定有效的防治措施,开展营养知识的健康教育,合理调整儿童的饮食,纠正儿童的不良生活习惯,可降低儿童贫血的发病率。
Objective: To investigate the incidence, causes and prevention and cure measures of anemia among children aged 0 ~ 6 in Wanzhou, Chongqing. Methods: A total of 2 719 children aged 0 ~ 6 years in Wanzhou District in Chongqing were enrolled in 2013 to investigate the incidence and diet of children related diseases and to analyze the current status and causes of children ’s anemia. Results: The incidence of anemia in boys was 11.5% higher than that in girls (9.4%), with no significant difference (P> 0.05). With the increase of age, the incidence of anemia showed a certain degree of decreasing trend. The incidence of anemia (16.2%) in infants and young children (0-2 years old) was significantly higher than that of preschool children (3-6 years old) (4.0%). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Among the children with anemia, 207 (72.1%) had digestive diseases, 48 (16.7%) had thrombocytopenia and then suffered from other diseases, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Anemia is a common disease in children aged 0 ~ 6 years in Wanzhou area, mostly caused by digestive diseases. The younger children, the body’s resistance is worse, the more prone to disease. For the causes of anemia, the development of effective prevention and control measures to carry out health education of nutrition knowledge, rational adjustment of children’s diet, to correct children’s bad habits, can reduce the incidence of anemia in children.