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传递细胞广泛存在于植物界的各种群。传递细胞的分化主要与器官的发育程度以及转运物质的供应有关。当植物某个部位所需的运输速率远高于溶质正常跨膜运输速率时,在此部位就可能有传递细胞。传递细胞最基本的特征是细胞壁向内突起生长(壁内突)并与质膜共同形成壁膜器。壁内突从形态上可划分为2种类型:网状内突和肋状内突。大多数传递细胞壁内突的发育在沿着溶质流动的方向表现出极性。传递细胞的胞质一般比周围薄壁组织细胞浓,胞内富含线粒体和内膜分泌系统细胞器如内质网、高尔基体、小囊泡等。传递细胞在物质的短途运输中起作用。玉米胚乳传递细胞可能还具有防御病原微生物进入胚乳和胚的功能。本文就传递细胞的种类和特性、结构和功能、形成机制和诱导因素,以及基因表达调控等方面的研究进展做介绍。
Transmission of cells widely exists in various groups of plant kingdoms. The differentiation of the transmitting cells is mainly related to the degree of organ development and the supply of transport substances. When a plant part of the transport rate is much higher than the normal transport of solute transmembrane transport rate, there may be cells in this area. The most basic feature of cell delivery is that the cell wall protrudes inwardly (in-wall protrusion) and co-forms the wall membrane with the plasma membrane. Wall within the form from the morphological can be divided into two types: reticular process and rib-like process. Most of the processes that transmit internal cell walls show polarity in the direction of solute flow. The cytoplasm of the transmitting cells is generally thicker than the surrounding parenchyma cells, and is rich in mitochondria and endometrial secretory system organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, vesicles and the like. Transmitted cells play a role in the short-haul transport of matter. Maize endosperm delivery cells may also have the function of defense against pathogenic microorganisms entering the endosperm and embryo. This article introduces the research progress of cell types and characteristics, structure and function, formation mechanism and inducing factors, and gene expression regulation.