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探讨抑癌基因在哈萨克族（哈族）食管癌发生、发展中的作用，应用分子生物学技术，阐明哈族食管癌高发的机理。方法：应用ＰＣＲ技术配合电泳法和ＬＳＡＢ免疫组织化学分析法对新疆地区原发性食管癌及其正常组织中ｐ１６基因第３外显子纯合缺失及基因表达进行检测。结果：４１对标本中癌组织及其正常组织均未发现纯合缺失，２８例标本中１２例有ｐ１６基因表达，占４２．９％（１２／２８），其中哈族为５３．８％（７／１３），汉族为３３．３％（５／１５）。结论：ｐ１６基因第３外显子的纯合缺失在食管癌发病中不是主要因素，ｐ１６基因表达率随食管癌病理分级和临床分期的增加而下降。
To investigate the role of tumor suppressor gene in the occurrence and development of Kazakh (Kazakh) esophageal cancer, molecular biology techniques were used to elucidate the mechanism of high incidence of esophageal cancer in Kazakh ethnic group. Methods: The homozygous deletion and gene expression of exon 3 of p16 gene in primary esophageal cancer and its normal tissues were detected by PCR, electrophoresis and LSAB immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: No homozygous deletions were found in 41 specimens of cancer tissues and their normal tissues. Of the 28 specimens, p16 gene expression was found in 12 specimens, accounting for 42.9% (12/28), of which the Kazakh population was 53.8% ( 7/13), Han is 33.3% (5/15). Conclusion: Homozygous deletion of exon 3 of p16 gene is not a major factor in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. The expression rate of p16 gene decreases with the increase of pathological grade and clinical stage of esophageal cancer.