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为探讨红树林对养殖水体的净化效应以及对养殖动物生长的影响,选择3种红树植物海桑Sonneratiacaseolaris、秋茄Kandeliacandel和桐花树Aegicerascorniculatum构建滩涂海水种植-养殖生态耦合系统。系统设置9个试验塘和1个对照塘,试验塘按45%、30%或15%的面积比例种植一种红树植物,对照塘不种红树植物,所有养殖塘均统一养殖美国红鱼Sciaenopsocellatus和星洲红鱼Labidochromisflavigulus。通过系统运行18个月的生态监测显示,海桑和桐花树生长较好,对环境的适应能力强,秋茄生长差,成活率低;红树植物对养殖海水具有净化作用,其中桐花树的净化效果最好,其次为秋茄;系统中鱼的生长状况与红树植物的净化效应密切相关,在种植桐花树的养殖塘美国红鱼和星洲红鱼生长快,秋茄养殖塘次之,海桑养殖塘的美国红鱼不及对照塘。初步研究结果表明,在红树林滩涂海水种植-养殖生态耦合系统中,桐花树具有推广示范价值;海桑应减少种植面积比例和单位面积种植密度;秋茄生长慢,适应性差,不宜推广。
In order to explore the purifying effect of mangroves on aquaculture water and their effects on the growth of cultured animals, three mangrove species, Sonneratiacase larvae, Kandeliacandel and Aegiceras corniculatum, were selected to establish a marine-plant-aquaculture coupling system. Nine test ponds and one control pond were set up in the system. One kind of mangrove plantation was planted in 45%, 30% or 15% of the experimental ponds. The control ponds did not plant mangrove species. Sciaenopsocellatus, and Labidochromis flavigulus. The ecological monitoring of 18-month-old system showed that the growth of Haisong and Aegiceras corniculatum was better, the environment adaptability was stronger, the growth of Kandelia candel was poor, and the survival rate was low. Mangrove plants had a purifying effect on the cultured seawater, , Followed by the candel; the growth of fish in the system is closely related to the purifying effect of mangrove plants. The growth rate of the American redfish Sea cucumber cultivation ponds are not as good as control ponds. The preliminary results show that Aegiceras corniculatum has the value of popularization and demonstration in the mariculture and aquaculture coupling system of mangroves tidal flat. The sea cucumber should reduce the proportion of planting area and the planting density per unit area. The growth of autumn candel is slow and its adaptability is poor.