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目的了解6城市市区成年吸烟者尼古丁依赖水平和其相关因素。方法采用多阶段抽样法,分别在北京、沈阳、上海、长沙、广州和银川6个城市各抽取800名成年吸烟者,采用入户调查的方式进行问卷调查。结果调查对象尼古丁依赖水平(HSI)为2.5±1.7,其中男性2.5±1.7,女性1.9±1.7,低于发达国家。影响尼古丁高度依赖的因素主要有性别、年龄、学历、吸烟年数、健康意识和购烟平均价格。男性(OR=2.352)、教育程度低的吸烟者更容易出现尼古丁高度依赖,并且随着学历降低,高度依赖的程度逐渐增高(以大专、大学及以上为对照,中学、中专人群的OR值为1.417,小学或以下人群的OR值为1.853);烟龄超过10年的吸烟者依赖程度更高(OR=4.519);认为吸烟对自己的健康没有影响(OR=1.345)和认为吸烟有益健康的人群(OR=2.419)、购烟平均价格为每盒4元以下的人群更容易出现高度依赖(OR=1.635)。结论我国吸烟者的尼古丁依赖评分(HSI)比发达国家低。在我国,男性、高年龄、教育程度低、烟龄超过10年、健康意识低、购烟平均价格低的人群更容易出现尼古丁高度依赖。
Objective To understand the nicotine dependence of adult smokers in six urban areas and its related factors. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to sample 800 adult smokers in six cities of Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou and Yinchuan respectively. The questionnaire was conducted by means of household survey. Results The level of nicotine dependence (HSI) was 2.5 ± 1.7, of which 2.5 ± 1.7 for males and 1.9 ± 1.7 for females, which was lower than that of developed countries. The main factors affecting nicotine dependence are gender, age, education, years of smoking, health awareness and the average price of tobacco. Male (OR = 2.352), smokers with low education level were more likely to be highly dependent on nicotine, and as the education level decreased, the degree of high dependence gradually increased (college, college and above as the control, secondary school, secondary school population OR (OR = 1.417, OR = 1.853). Smokers who smoked for more than 10 years had a higher degree of dependence (OR = 4.519); they thought smoking had no effect on their own health (OR = 1.345) Of the population (OR = 2.419), the average purchase price of tobacco is less than 4 yuan per box is more likely to be highly dependent (OR = 1.635). Conclusion Our country’s nicotine dependence score (HSI) of smokers is lower than that of developed countries. In our country, nicotine is more prone to nicotine among men, high age, low education, people who smoke for more than 10 years, low health consciousness and low average price of tobacco.