在多数年份,平行于南美海岸吹的南风在地转偏向力的作用下,使秘鲁和厄瓜多尔沿岸及其沿赤道地区盛行离岸流,深层的冷海水上翻形成赤道冷水区,在每年圣诞节的前后,海水增暖,使当地捕鱼业受到影响,但这种影响较微且短暂,当地人称之为厄尔尼诺现象。在有些年份厄尔尼诺现象强而且长,沿秘鲁海岸和赤道东太平洋海面温度异常增暖,且持续一年以上,使大批鱼类、海洋其它生物和鸟类死亡,对当地天气、气候造成明显影响。 In most years, the southerly winds blowing parallel to the coast of South America turned the coastline of Peru and Ecuador and the rest of the equatorial area into an off-shore flow, turning the deep cold sea water into an equatorial cold water zone. Under the influence of the annual turning-point of Christmas The warming of the sea around the festival has affected the fishing industry, but the effect is minor and short-lived, which the locals call El Nino. In some years El Niño was strong and long, with anomalously warming sea surface temperatures along the coasts of Peru and the equatorial East Pacific, which lasted for more than a year, causing large numbers of fish, other marine organisms and birds to die, with obvious impacts on the local weather and climate.