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核的一般性质原子核的一般性质大概可以分为:质量,电荷,大小,自旋,磁矩等几方面。研究原子核的实验方法与研究一般化学反应有很大区别,因为在普通化学反应中只要求使参加反应的物质获得几个电子伏特的动能便可以进行(通常是借着加热方式获得)。但是原子核反应中,因为核与核之间具有十分强烈的斥力,故此必须使参加反应的原子核具备很高的动能,始能令它们互相接近与碰撞并引起反应。通常我们须要几百万电子伏特的动能始能令氢的、氘的或氦的原子核有效地撞击荷电较多(即较大与较重)的原子核。产生作为撞击原子核用的高速粒子有以下几种方法:(1)利用天然放射性元素的原子核所放射出来的(?)质点(即氦原子核)或γ射线来撞击原子核。(2)令游离后氢、氘或氦等原子在一直线真空管中加速。正离子于高压电场的影响下,将在自阳极向
The general nature of the nucleus The general nature of the nucleus can be divided into: quality, charge, size, spin, magnetic moment and other aspects. Experimental methods of studying nuclei are quite different from the general chemistry of research, since it is only necessary to get the kinetic energy of a few electron volts (usually obtained by heating) of the substance involved in the reaction in normal chemical reactions. However, in the nuclear reaction, because of the strong repulsion between the nucleus and the nucleus, the atomic nuclei that participate in the reaction must have a high kinetic energy and should be able to bring them close to and collide with each other and cause a reaction. Often we need kinetic energy of millions of electron volts to enable hydrogen, deuterium, or helium nuclei to effectively hit the more charged (ie larger and heavier) nuclei. There are several ways to generate high-speed particles for impacting the nucleus: (1) The atomic nuclei are hit by (?) Particles (helium nuclei) or? Rays emitted from nuclei of natural radioactive elements. (2) Let the atoms such as hydrogen, deuterium or helium accelerate in a straight vacuum tube after liberating. Positive ions in the high-voltage electric field under the influence of the anode will be from