动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)是小儿先天性心脏病中常见类型之一。长期PDA可造成感染性心内膜炎、充血性心力衰竭、感染性动脉炎等并发症。早产儿PDA的存在常可导致或加重充血性心力衰竭、早产儿呼吸窘迫、慢性肺疾病、颅内出血和坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生发展,是影响早产儿存活率和后遗症发生率的主要原因之一。目前药物治疗是首选治疗方法,掌握用药时机、方法和用量对减少药物近远期毒副作 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common types of congenital heart disease in children. Long-term PDA can cause infective endocarditis, congestive heart failure, arteritis and other complications of infection. The presence of PDA in premature infants often leads to or aggravates congestive heart failure, respiratory distress in preterm infants, chronic lung disease, intracranial hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis, which are the major causes of preterm infant survival and sequelae one. At present, drug treatment is the preferred treatment method, to grasp the timing of the drug, methods and dosage to reduce the drug near and far toxic side effects