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河流形态特征的变化规律是人类认识与改造河流的主要课题.河流系统分布广泛,与人类活动密切相关,了解其类型特点是河流研究中的重要内容.水流在其行进过程中遵守阻力规律,由于周围环境的不同,其宏观表现形式也多种多样.河流的阻力规律决定于其形态特征,同时河流形态特征也反映其阻力规律.本文考虑影响河流水力损失的多种因素,引入无量纲的河流形态参数,得到自然河流的阻力规律表达式.由该阻力规律出发,得到河流形态参数的表达式,并将其作为河型分类标准.本文还加入了地貌因素的影响,应用得到的表达式细致划分了河流类型.研究结果表明,该分类方法计算简单,对于砂砾质河流应用效果较好.
The variation of river shape characteristics is the main issue for mankind to recognize and transform the river.The river system is widely distributed and closely related to human activities, and understanding its type and characteristics is an important part of river research.Water flow obeys the resistance law in the process of its running, The macroscopic manifestations of the river are also varied, the resistance law of the river is determined by its morphological characteristics, and the shape characteristics of the river also reflect its resistance law.In this paper, we consider the various factors that affect the hydraulic loss of the river and introduce the dimensionless river Form the parameters of the natural river, and get the expression of the resistance law of the natural river.From the resistance law, get the expression of the river shape parameter and use it as the river classification standard.This article also added the influence of the landform factor, The classification of rivers is divided.The results show that the classification method is simple and has good effect on gravel rivers.