本文拟就现代艺术运动中四个基本问题的发展线索,即:艺术与社会、手工艺与机器、装饰、复合与创新,集中分析莫里斯美学思想的轨迹。我们将发现,这些基本问题的梳理,对透彻理解莫里斯美学思想起着关键作用,要把握现代艺术思想的源流、演变,不能不投以一瞥。 一 艺术与社会 威廉·莫里斯美学思想的基础,是他的空想社会主义。和一切空想社会主义者一样,莫里斯也是从剥削制度不合理性的认识上,开启理想社会的描绘的。19世纪40年代,以圈地运动、殖民掠夺和奴隶贸易等资本原始积累方式,英国率先完成了 This article intends to discuss the development clues of the four basic issues in the modern art movement: arts and society, handcraft and machinery, decoration, compounding and innovation, and focusing on the trajectory of Morris’ aesthetic thoughts. We will find that the sorting out of these basic problems plays a key role in thoroughly understanding Morris aesthetics and can not but take a glimpse of the origin and evolution of modern art thought. The foundation of the aesthetic thought of William Morris in art and society is his utopian socialism. Like all utopian socialists, Maurice also opened the portrayal of an ideal society from the irrationality of the exploitation system. In the 1840s, the United Kingdom took the lead in completing the original accumulation of capital through enclosure, colonial plunder and slave trade