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目的探讨地震灾区青少年心理弹性及其发展趋势,为灾后儿童心理健康的干预提供依据。方法对四川省轻、重灾区2所中学的所有初中一年级学生进行为期1.5 a的3次追踪研究,采用多层线性模型进行统计分析。结果自我弹性量表适用于灾区青少年。3次测量轻灾区青少年心理弹性得分均高于重灾区青少年(P值均<0.01),第2,3次测量男生心理弹性得分高于女生(P<0.05);学生心理弹性得分在1.5 a内有上升趋势(P<0.05),且轻灾区青少年相对于重灾区青少年上升速度更快(P<0.05)。结论严重自然灾害中的青少年心理弹性损害严重并恢复缓慢。在自然灾害中青少年心理干预措施制定时应注意心理弹性随时间的变化特征。
Objective To explore the psychological resilience of adolescents in earthquake-stricken areas and its development trend, and to provide basis for psychological intervention of children in post-disaster areas. Methods A total of 1.5 first-year follow-up studies were conducted on all the first-year middle school students in two middle schools in light and hardest-hit areas in Sichuan Province. The multi-layer linear model was used for statistical analysis. Results Self-elasticity scales apply to adolescents in disaster areas. The mental resilience scores of adolescents in the disaster-stricken areas were higher than those of the adolescents in the disaster areas (P <0.01). The psychological resilience scores of boys were higher than girls in the second and third measurements (P <0.05) (P <0.05), and adolescents in disaster-stricken areas rose faster than adolescents in severely affected areas (P <0.05). Conclusions The psychological resilience of adolescents in severe natural disasters is serious and slow to recover. In the natural disasters, psychological interventions for adolescents should pay attention to the characteristics of psychological resilience with time.