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探索不同生育时期浇水对小麦生长发育和产量的影响,为预防豫南地区小麦湿害、渍害提供科学依据。在大田条件下,以瑞星1号为材料,采取人工连续浇水创造过湿条件,研究在冬前、越冬期、返青期、孕穗期、灌浆中期、灌浆后期至成熟期浇水对小麦生长发育、群体动态和产量的影响。结果表明:不同生育时期浇水对小麦生长发育的影响不同。冬前、返青期浇水,小麦叶龄、分蘖及次生根的数目减少;冬前、返青期、孕穗期、灌浆中期和灌浆后期浇水,单位面积干物质量较对照分别降低11.2%、7.3%、14.7%、22.0%和13.4%;各处理的群体总茎数在起身期达到高峰,随后总茎数下降,孕穗至成熟期群体总茎数基本稳定。冬前浇水,小麦最高群体总茎数较对照低12.2%,差异显著。返青期浇水,小麦最高群体总茎数较对照高14.7%,差异显著。越冬期、孕穗期、灌浆中期和灌浆后期浇水,小麦群体最高总茎数较对照差异不显著,返青期浇水成穗率最低。冬前、返青期、孕穗期、灌浆中期和灌浆后期浇水,产量分别比对照低8.1%、3.3%、10.9%、8.6%和9.0%,差异显著。越冬期浇水,产量和未浇水对照差异不显著。
To explore the effects of watering on the growth and yield of wheat in different growth stages and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of wheat injury and soil damage in the south of Henan. Under field conditions, taking Rising 1 as the material, artificial continuous watering was used to create the wet conditions to study the effects of watering on the growth and development of wheat in winter, overwintering, returning green, booting, mid-filling and late filling stages , Group dynamics and yield effects. The results showed that watering at different growth stages had different effects on the growth and development of wheat. The numbers of watering, wheat leaf age, tillering and secondary roots decreased in winter, rejuvenation, booting stage, middle filling stage and later filling stage, and the dry weight per unit area decreased by 11.2%, 7.3% , 14.7%, 22.0% and 13.4%, respectively. The total number of stems of each treatment group reached the peak during the period of initiation, then the total number of stems decreased, and the total number of stems of the population from booting to maturity was basically stable. Watering before winter, the total number of stems of the highest group of wheat was 12.2% lower than that of the control, with significant difference. Watering back to greening period, the total number of stems of the highest group of wheat 14.7% higher than the control, the difference was significant. The wintering period, booting stage, middle filling stage and late filling stage, the highest total stem number of wheat population was not significant difference compared with the control, turning green watering earliest earliest. The yield of winter wheat, returning green, booting, mid-filling and late filling were 8.1%, 3.3%, 10.9%, 8.6% and 9.0% lower than the control, respectively. Winter watering, yield and non-watering control difference was not significant.