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采用高速照相机、红外热像仪和声发射系统对巷道掘进面突水过程进行监测,总结加载过程中可见光图像、红外辐射温度以及声发射参数变化规律,寻找粉砂岩巷道突水的前兆信息。研究结果显示,突水发生前,巷道掘进面的渗水面积因渗水量增大而出现扩大情况。随载荷的增加,突水呈现2种模式,即“渐变型”和“突增型”。2种模式的突水发生前均存在多场信息变化的前兆。“渐变型”突水发生前红外最低温曲线呈现“降转升”波动,声发射出现大量低能率事件。“突增型”突水发生前红外最低温曲线为“突升转平静”变化,声发射表现为大量高能率事件。经统计分析,3种监测手段对突水前兆响应顺序为:红外>可见光>声发射。由于巷道突水的复杂性,建议采用多场联合监测方法,为突水监测提供更可靠的预警信息。
The high-speed camera, infrared camera and acoustic emission system were used to monitor the process of water inrush from the roadway, and the changes of visible light image, infrared radiation temperature and acoustic emission parameters during the loading process were summarized to find the precursory information of water inrush. The results show that before water inrush occurs, water seepage area of roadway heading surface expands due to the increase of seepage volume. With the increase of load, water inrush presents two modes, namely “Gradient” and “Suddenly”. There were many precursors of information changes before the two modes of water inrush. “Gradient ” water infiltration before the occurrence of infrared minimum temperature curve “drop turn ” fluctuations, a large number of low-energy acoustic emission event. “Suddenly increased ” water infiltration before the onset of infrared minimum temperature curve “sudden rise to calm ” changes, the performance of acoustic emission for a large number of high-energy events. According to the statistical analysis, the sequence of three kinds of monitoring means to water inrush precursor is infrared, visible light, acoustic emission. Due to the complexity of water inrush, it is suggested to adopt multiple joint monitoring methods to provide more reliable warning information for water inrush monitoring.