迄今为止,大多数药物制剂都使用标准糖作为赋形剂,如葡萄糖、蔗糖和乳糖等再加上很少几种无机填料(如纤维素)以及2种糖醇(甘露糖醇和山梨醇)。山梨醇现在可用人工合成,其工艺大致如下:将葡萄糖水溶液在镍催化剂存在下加氢(200个大气压)并加温至150℃即转化成山梨醇。估计世界上山梨醇年产量已超过35万吨,其中大部分用作生产维生素C(抗坏血酸)的原料。在制药工业中,山梨醇多年来一直用于输液,无糖型的糖浆剂,但很少用于固体剂型片剂、胶囊)山梨醇作为赋形剂之所以被人长期忽视是有其原因的。这是因为人工合成的山梨醇存在一定缺点;(1)有轻度吸湿性, To date, most pharmaceutical formulations use standard sugars as excipients, such as glucose, sucrose and lactose plus a few inorganic fillers such as cellulose and two sugar alcohols (mannitol and sorbitol). Sorbitol can now be artificially synthesized by roughly synthesizing sorbitol by hydrogenating aqueous dextrose (200 atmospheres) in the presence of a nickel catalyst and warming to 150 ° C. It is estimated that the annual output of sorbitol in the world has exceeded 350,000 tons, most of which is used as a raw material for the production of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). In the pharmaceutical industry, sorbitol has been used for infusion, sugarless syrups for many years, but rarely for solid dosage forms, capsules). The reason sorbitol has been neglected for a long time as an excipient . This is because synthetic sorbitol has certain disadvantages; (1) mild hygroscopicity,