一、引言土石坝,在这里指的是:用天然粒状材料一从粘土晶体到砾石及采石场大块石,建造的挡水建筑物。它是人类建造的最古老的挡水建筑物。尽管在工业革命初期大多数的坝使用了圬工、混凝土或其他人造材料,但是,现在肯定地又改回到用土和石做为筑坝材料。运土设备的进展起着部分作用,但是,无疑地,一个主要原因是土工技术发展带来的思想和方法的可靠性。现在世界上绝大多数的坝是综合使用各种天然材料建造的,而且世界上最高的坝是 I. INTRODUCTION Earth-rock dam, here refers to: the use of natural granular material from a clay crystal to gravel and quarry stone, the construction of the retaining structures. It is the oldest man-made water retaining structure. Although most of the dams used sluice, concrete or other man-made materials in the early days of the Industrial Revolution, they are now definitely reverted to the use of earth and stone as dam materials. The progress of earthmoving equipment plays a part, but undoubtedly, one of the main reasons is the reliability of the ideas and methods brought about by the development of geotechnical engineering. Now the vast majority of dams in the world are built using a combination of natural materials and the tallest dams in the world are