一、表过去已相当于“已经”。①沛公已出,项王使都尉召陈平。(《鸿门宴》) ②天下已定。(《过秦论》) 既相当于“已经”。①既克,公问其故。(《曹刿论战》) ②始皇既没。(《过秦论》) ③既加冠。(《送东阳马生序》) 二、表现在今相当于“当今”、“现在”。①今人有大功而击之。(《鸿门宴》) ②今治水军八十万众。(《赤壁之战》) ③今诸生学于太学。(《送东阳马生序》) 方相当于“正”、“正当”。①方是时,吾之力尚足以入。(《游褒禅山记》) ②余心方动欲还。(《石钟山记》) ③吴之民方痛心焉。(《五人墓碑记》) 正相当于“正当”。①正西风落叶下长安。(《满江红·和郭 First, the table has been equivalent to “already.” ① Pei Gong has been out, the king Wei Du Wei called Chen Ping. (“Banquet”) ② the world has been set. (“On the Qin”) is equivalent to “already”. ① both grams, public asks its sake. (“Cao Yong debate”) ② The emperor neither. (“Qin theory”) ③ both crowned. (“Send Dongyang Ma Sheng sequence”) Second, the performance is equivalent to “today” and “now”. ① today people have meritorious service hit. (“Banquet Banquet”) ② Imagine the navy 800,000 people. (“Battle of Red Cliff”) ③ Today, all students learn too much. (“Send Dongyang Ma Sheng sequence”) is equivalent to “positive”, “legitimate.” ① square is, my strength is still enough to enter. (“Tour Praise Chan Shan Ji”) ② Yu Xin Fang Yixing also. (“Shizhong Mountain Records”) ③ Wu’s party distressed Yan. (“Five tombstone”) is equivalent to “legitimate.” ① is under the wind westward Chang’an. ("Azolla and Guo