西方伦理学者关于德福一致的观点可以划分为内在一致论和外在相关论两种,“个人美德与物质幸福统一”之类观点属于内在一致论,而认为“道德是幸福实现的工具和必要条件”之类观点则应当属于外在一致论。把德性列为幸福的重要内容,将德性直接等同于幸福本身,这类观点可以简称为“内在同一论”或“直接统一论”;外在相关论一般都认为道德是幸福实现的工具和必要条件,可以简称为关于美德与幸福统一观念中的“工具论”、“条件论”。无论是“直接统一论”或者说是“条件论”及其它有代表性的观点和经典性命题,都已经具备了一定的甚至说相当的合理性成分,并且对后来直至现代幸福论包括马克思主义幸福理论的发展产生过重要影响,但主要由于客观存在的历史背景方面的原因,致使它们在总体上都还存在着一定和明显的偏颇、缺陷或者说是硬伤,有必要在马克思的实践唯物主义和科学幸福观方法论的指导下,对西方伦理学德福一致观念的理论贡献和历史局限等进行深入分析和理性反思。 Western ethicists’ conception of the difference between morality and happiness can be divided into internal consistency theory and external relevance theory. The viewpoint of “unity of individual virtue and material well-being” belongs to internal consistency theory, and holds that “morality is the realization of happiness Tools and necessary conditions ”should belong to the external consensus. Morality as an important part of happiness, morality is directly equivalent to the happiness itself, this view can be referred to as “internal unity ” or “direct unity ”; external relevance generally considered moral The tools and necessary conditions for the realization of happiness can be simply referred to as “tool theory” and “condition theory” in the unification of virtue and happiness. Whether it is “direct unification ” or “condition theory ” and other representative opinions and classical propositions, we already have some even even quite reasonable ingredients and will be very happy for later until modern times On the one hand, the development of Marxist theory of happiness has had an important influence on the development of Marxist theory of happiness, but mainly due to the historical background of the objective existence, which leads to certain and obvious biases in general as well as flaws or misdemeanors on the whole. Under the guidance of Marx’s practical materialism and the methodology of scientific outlook on happiness, the author makes an in-depth analysis and rational reflection on the theoretical contributions and historical limitations of the consistent concept of morality in western ethics.