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目的:探讨即刻种植后骨组织引导再生(GBR)术对骨缺损骨再生的成骨能力。方法:选取山西煤炭中心医院2017年3月至2018年11月收治的单颗上前牙拔除后即刻种植合并唇侧骨缺损患者68例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为两组，观察组34例，使用Bio-Oss骨粉和海奥生物膜进行GBR术，对照组34例，自然愈合。使用锥形束CT于种植即刻、种植后6个月、种植后12个月测量种植体颈部肩台上方1、4、7、10 mm点处唇侧骨壁的厚度，进行对比分析。结果:种植即刻至种植后6个月，两组种植体颈部肩台上方1、4、7、10 mm点处唇侧骨壁的厚度变化量差异无统计学意义(n P>0.05)；种植后6～12个月，观察组种植体颈部肩台上方1、4、7、10 mm点处唇侧骨壁的厚度变化量分别为(0.12±0.08)mm、(0.11±0.06)mm、(0.10±0.08)mm、(0.08±0.06)mm，对照组分别为(0.51±0.15)mm、(0.40±0.10)mm、(0.39±0.07)mm、(0.25±0.07)mm，两组差异均有统计学意义(n t＝5.218、4.647、4.007、3.507，均n P0.05)；种植后12个月，观察组种植体唇侧骨厚度为(2.87±0.49)mm，对照组为(1.51±0.41)mm，两组差异有统计学意义(n t＝5.779，n P0.05). Six to 12 months after implantation, the changes in the thickness of the labial bone wall at 1, 4, 7 and 10 mm above the cervical and shoulder table of the implant in the observation group were (0.12±0.08)mm, (0.11±0.06)mm, (0.10±0.08)mm, (0.08±0.06)mm, respectively, which in the control group were (0.51±0.15)mm, (0.40±0.10)mm, (0.39±0.07)mm, (0.25±0.07)mm, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(n t=5.218, 4.647, 4.007, 3.507, all n P0.05). At 12 months after implantation, the labial bone thickness of the implant in the observation group was (2.87±0.49)mm, which in the control group(1.51±0.41)mm, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(n t=5.779, n P<0.05).n Conclusion:GBR can ensure the preferential migration and growth space of osteoblasts and provide sufficient bone mass to complete the structural reconstruction of bone defects.