森林是人类赖以生存的基础,在社会和经济发展中起着重大的作用。而林产品是国际贸易的重要商品,对许多国家的贸易平衡产生重大的影响。随着经济的发展和人口的增加,世界各国对木材的需求不断攀升,但同时日益减少的森林资源也给人类敲响了警钟。为了实现林业产业的多种效益目标,发达国家和发展中国家都积极调整优化产业结构和产品结构。由于所处的社会和经济条件不同,林业结构面临的问题有很大差异。但无论是发达国家和发展中国家的调整方向在宏观上有广泛的一致性。第一产业产业结构的调整向以下方向发展:商品林业以集约培育的速生丰产人工林为主要经营对象,以满 Forests are the basis upon which human beings depend and they play a significant role in social and economic development. However, forest products are important commodities in international trade and have a significant impact on the trade balance of many countries. With economic development and population growth, the world’s timber demand continues to rise, but at the same time declining forest resources have also alarmed humans. In order to achieve the multiple benefits of forestry industry, both developed and developing countries are actively adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure and product mix. Due to different social and economic conditions, the problems facing the forestry structure are quite different. However, the adjustment direction of both developed and developing countries is broadly and macroscopically consistent. The adjustment of the industrial structure of the primary industry will develop in the following directions: The commercial forestry will take the fast-growing and high-yield plantation intensively cultivated as its main business target, with full