世界银行研究劳动力市场问题的总经济师扬·卢特科夫斯基曾在一篇文章中指出,近年来东欧和独联体国家都存在着劳动力资源紧缺的问题。俄罗斯虽然失业率不是很高(低于10%),但是其劳动力市场存在的消极因素很多。一是工资微薄、专业技术要求不高的非正式用工占很大比重;二是企业 Jan Luttkowski, the chief economist who studies the labor market issue at the World Bank, once pointed out in an article that in recent years there has been a shortage of labor resources in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Although unemployment is not high (less than 10%) in Russia, there are many negative factors in its labor market. First, meager wages, professional and technical requirements of non-formal employment accounted for a large proportion; the second is the enterprise