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[目的]明确氮肥对超级粳稻籽粒灌浆速率和稻米品质的影响效应,为氮肥的合理施用及改善稻米品质提供理论依据。[方法]2012年,在新乡市农业科学院试验农场,以超级粳稻新稻18号为供试材料,于0、240.0、262.5、285.0、307.5和330.0 kg/hm2纯氮水平下,研究不同氮肥处理对水稻强、弱势籽粒灌浆速率和稻米品质的影响。[结果]灌浆中前期籽粒灌浆速率低氮肥处理较高氮肥处理高,灌浆高峰后则表现为高氮肥处理高于低氮肥处理;最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率强势粒高于弱势粒,平均比弱势粒高43.42%和30.61%。活跃灌浆期籽粒增重,强势粒明显高于弱势粒,不同处理间差异较小。糙米率、精米率和整精米率随氮肥施用量的增加处理间差异较小,但除个别处理差异达显著水平外均不显著,处理间变异系数分别为0.46%、1.13%和1.47%;垩白粒率在无氮肥和低氮肥处理下较高,在中肥和高肥处理下较低,处理间差异较大,其变异系数为45.04%;垩白度不同氮肥处理间变异系数为27.93%。[结论]氮肥对稻米加工品质影响较小,对外观品质影响较大,适当减少氮肥施用量,不仅可以提高灌浆中前期籽粒灌浆速率,同时有利于提高稻米品质,尤其是外观品质垩白粒率的改善。
[Objective] The research aimed to clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on grain filling rate and grain quality of super japonica rice, and provide a theoretical basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and improvement of grain quality. [Method] In 2012, the nitrogenous fertilizer treatments at different nitrogen levels of 0,240.0,262.5,285.0,307.5 and 330.0 kg / hm2 were used to test the super japonica rice variety “Xindao 18” in Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences experimental farm. Effects of strong and weak grain filling rate and rice quality in rice. [Result] The grain filling rate in early grain filling stage was higher than that in high N fertilizer treatment, but high nitrogen fertilizer treatment was higher than that in low N fertilizer treatment at the peak filling time. The grain with the highest filling rate and the average grain filling rate was higher than the weak grains and the average ratio was weaker Grain height 43.42% and 30.61%. In the active filling stage, the grain weight gain, the strong grain was significantly higher than that of the weak grain, and the differences among the different treatments were small. The differences of brown rice rate, milled rice rate and milled rice rate were little with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the differences were not significant except for individual differences, the coefficient of variation was 0.46%, 1.13% and 1.47% respectively; Under the treatments of medium and high fertilization, the percentage of white grain was higher under the treatments of no nitrogen and low nitrogen fertilizers, and the variation coefficient was 45.04%, while the variation coefficient of chalkiness and nitrogen fertilizer was 27.93% . [Conclusion] The nitrogen fertilizer has little influence on the processing quality of rice and has a great influence on the appearance quality. Appropriately reducing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer can not only improve the grain filling rate in the early filling stage but also improve the quality of rice, especially the appearance quality of chalky grain rate Improvement.