西方马克思主义是20世纪西方一种学派众多、影响广泛的社会文化思潮,至今已有80多年的历史,其中葛兰西的民族—人民的文学论形成了西方马克思主义早期的两大理论源头之一,本文将从对西方马克思主义的整体概述入手层层深入对葛兰西的文学理论作以梳理和阐述,并将其与毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》作以比较,从而完成对葛兰西“理智上的悲观主义,意志上的乐观主义”的价值探求。 Western Marxism is a kind of social and cultural trend with many schools and extensive influence in the West in the 20th century. It has been more than eighty years old. Gramsci’s nationality-people literature formed the two theoretical origins of early Western Marxism First, from the overall overview of Western Marxism, this article will start with a thorough review of Gramsci’s literary theory and compare it with Mao Zedong’s “Speech at Yan’an Literature and Art Symposium.” Seeking the value of Gramsci’s value of “pessimistic intellect and optimism in the will.”