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关于战后国民政府经济转型失败、经济危机爆发并迅速崩溃的原因,学术界通常强调两个方面的因素,一是军事方面的,如战争对投资能力的削弱与市场秩序的瓦解;二是经济政策方面的,如外汇外贸政策在“严格管制”与“自由开放”间来回颠覆。除此之外,还应考虑到转型中的价值分歧、利益之争及其所产生的深远影响。战后《国营事业管理法》的制订就是一个很好的例子。该法的制订早在抗战胜利之初即已启动,但由于在国营事业的基本价值定位、部门间利益的协调等问题上,争论不休,直至1948年底才完成立法程序。但此时国民政府已经处于政治经济加速解体的过程中,没有了实践与验证的机会,对其经济恢复没有发挥任何作用。
As for the reasons for the failure of the economic restructuring of the post-war National Government and the rapid economic collapse, the academic community usually emphasizes two aspects. One is the military aspect. For example, the weakening of the investment ability caused by the war and the disintegration of the market order; the second is the economic policy As for the foreign exchange trade policy, the policy of “strict control” and “free and open” subverts back and forth. In addition, the differences in value, the dispute over interests and their far-reaching impact should also be taken into account during the transition. The post-war “State-owned Business Administration Law” is a good example. As early as the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the formulation of this law was started. However, due to the debates over the basic value orientation of state-run enterprises and the coordination of inter-departmental interests, the legislative process was not completed until the end of 1948. However, the Kuomintang government was already in the process of accelerating the disintegration of the political economy at this time. There was no chance for practice and verification and it did not play any role in its economic recovery.