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本文通过对江苏淮北地区50～80年代先后推广的16个夏大豆代表品种的产量及有关性状变化的研究,看出本区大豆品种更替过程中,品种产量潜力的提高主要变化因素为:百粒重与每荚粒重的增加、收获指数的大幅度提高和生物量的稳步增长;植株矮化、节数和分枝数减少;全生育期缩短,而以鼓粒期为主的生殖生长期有所延长。本区今后大豆高产育种应在现有百粒重的基础上,协调好粒重、粒数和荚数三者关系,适当提高株荚数和每荚粒数,同时注意增加生物量,提高收获指数;生育期不宜再缩短,注意长鼓粒期的选择;进而提高育成品种的增产潜力和适应性。
In this paper, we studied the changes of yield and related traits of 16 summer soybean varieties which were promoted from 1950s to 1980s in Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province, and found that the major change factors of yield increase of varieties during the replacement of soybean varieties in this area are: The increase of grain weight per pod, the sharp increase of harvest index and the steady increase of biomass; the dwarfing of plants, the reduction of the number of nodes and branches; the shortening of the whole growth period, Has been extended. In the future, high-yielding soybean breeding in this area should coordinate the relationship between grain weight, grain number and pod number on the basis of the existing 100-grain weight, appropriately increase the number of pods per pod and the number of pods per seed, meanwhile increase the biomass and increase the harvest Index; growth period should not be shortened, pay attention to the choice of long drum grain period; thereby increasing the yield potential and adaptability of breeding varieties.