马克思和恩格斯在分析戏剧和文学的阶级性以及作家的世界观在艺术创作中的作用时,特别注意倾向性的问题。恩格斯非常赞成有倾向性的作家作品,他指出“悲剧之父埃斯库罗斯和喜剧之父阿里斯托芬都是有强烈倾向的诗人”,又说“席勒的《阴谋和爱情》的主要价值就在于它是德国第一部有政治倾向的戏剧”(《马恩选集》第4卷第454页)。他热烈地称赞十八世纪德国戏剧中的战斗精神与倾向性 Marx and Engels pay special attention to the issue of orientation in the analysis of the class nature of drama and literature and the role of the writer’s worldview in artistic creation. Engels favors the works of tendentious writers. He points out that “both Astyulos, the father of tragedy, and Aristophanes, the father of comedy, are poets with strong tendencies,” adding that “Schiller’s main” conspiracy and love “ The value is that it is the first drama in Germany that is politically oriented ”(Selected Works of Marn, Volume 4, page 454). He warmly praised the fighting spirit and tendencies in the German theater of the 18th century