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为了研究直线电机悬挂方式对车辆动力学性能的影响,以及通过主动悬挂以减小直线电机气隙变化和轮轨冲击力,建立了基于多体动力学的地铁车辆仿真模型。采用经典电磁场理论建立了直线电机电磁力仿真模型,以及机电作动器驱动的直线电机恒隙控制系统模型。采用数值仿真研究了直线电机恒隙控制方法及其对车辆动力学性能的影响。仿真结果表明:直线电机采用架悬结构并选择大挠度的一系垂向弹簧时,气隙变化主要是由载荷变化引起的,变化频率很低,易实现恒隙控制。恒隙控制可以保证车辆在不同荷载工况下满足气隙要求,降低轮轨垂向作用力10kN左右,减小车体垂向平稳性指标0.1左右。车辆动力学性能较传统直线电机车辆得到改善,并能提供平稳的牵引力。
In order to study the influence of the suspension mode of the linear motor on the vehicle dynamic performance and to reduce the air-gap variation and the wheel-rail impact force of the linear motor by active suspension, a simulation model of the subway vehicle based on multi-body dynamics is established. The electromagnetic model of linear motor and the model of constant-gap control system of linear motor driven by electromechanical actuator are established by classical electromagnetic field theory. The numerical simulation is used to study the control method of linear motor constant-gap and its influence on vehicle dynamics performance. The simulation results show that when the linear motor adopts frame suspension structure and a series of vertical springs with large deflection are selected, the change of air gap is mainly caused by the change of load. The variation frequency is very low and it is easy to realize the constant-gap control. Constant-gap control can ensure the vehicle to meet the requirements of air gap under different load conditions, reducing the wheel-rail vertical force of about 10kN, reducing the vehicle body vertical stability of about 0.1. Vehicle dynamics improve over conventional linear motor vehicles and provide smooth traction.