历史事实是“过去”的事实。有学者指出历史事实的独特性在于它与当下事实不同,“历史事实在本质上是不在场的,是当下缺席的”~([1])。“当下缺席”的历史遗留下来的“痕迹”大都是“雪泥鸿爪”“蛛丝马迹”的史料,它们是历史的片段,是历史事实的重要来源之一。然而,完整的历史“绝非即等于片段的史料”~([2]),它的形成尚需史家对史料的解读,而这是构成历史事实的又一个重要来源。由此可见,前人记述、历史遗存、遗迹等史料与后来人的 Historical fact is “past ” fact. Some scholars point out that the historical fact is unique in that it differs from the current fact that “historical facts are absent in nature and are absent nowadays” [1]. The “traces” left over from the history of the present absentness are mostly the historical materials of the “mud and mud” and “clues”. They are fragments of history and are one of the important sources of historical facts. However, the complete history “is not equal to the historical material of the fragment” ~ ([2]). Its formation still needs the interpretation of historical data by the historians, and this is another important source of historical fact. This shows that the predecessors record, historical relics, relics and other historical data and later people