鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤是少见的恶性肿瘤,近几年各国报导增加,迄今已逾200例。作者的医院在1968～1984年间收治该肿瘤24例,男18,女6,年龄在3～74岁;肿瘤局限于单侧鼻腔者23例,双侧者1例;嗅神经母细胞瘤20例,嗅感觉神经细胞瘤和嗅感觉神经上皮瘤各2例;Ⅱ期1例,Ⅲ期11例,Ⅳ期12例;区域淋巴结肿大6例。主要症状是鼻阻和鼻衄;鼻腔能窥见粉白色表面呈细颗粒状肿物,触之易出血。11例采用远距γ线疗法,在放疗后6个月至2年均死亡。综合治疗(手术及术后放疗)9例;4例健在,已观察4个月至14年;2例在治疗后3个月和8年死亡;余3例失去联系。4例仅行对症治疗,为3～10岁之儿童,入院时已属第Ⅳ期,皆存1～4个月内死亡。故儿童嗅神经母细胞瘤的恶性程度最大。基于此24例的观察,结合其他200例的经验,作者认为:(1)嗅神经母细胞瘤近几年几乎占鼻腔恶性 Nasal olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignancy. Reports have increased in various countries in recent years, so far there have been more than 200 cases. The author’s hospital treated 24 cases of the tumor from 1968 to 1984, 18 males and 6 females, aged 3 to 74 years; tumors were confined to 23 cases of unilateral nasal cavity, 1 case of bilateral; olfactory neuroblastoma in 20 cases. There were 2 cases of olfactory sensory neuronoma and 2 cases of olfactory sensory neuroepithelial neoplasia. There were 1 case in stage II, 11 cases in stage III, and 12 cases in stage IV. There were 6 cases of regional lymphadenopathy. The main symptoms are nasal obstruction and epistaxis; nasal cavity can glimpse pink white surface with fine-grained mass, which is easy to bleed. In 11 patients, long-distance γ-ray therapy was used and all patients died from 6 months to 2 years after radiotherapy. Comprehensive treatment (surgery and postoperative radiotherapy) in 9 cases; 4 cases of alive, has been observed from 4 months to 14 years; 2 cases died 3 months and 8 years after treatment; the remaining 3 cases lost contact. Four cases were treated only for symptomatic treatment. Children aged 3 to 10 years were admitted to hospital and were in stage IV. They all died within 1 to 4 months. Therefore, the olfactory neuroblastoma in children is the most malignant. Based on the observation of these 24 cases, combined with the experience of 200 other cases, the authors believe that: (1) Olfactory neuroblastoma accounts for almost the malignant nasal cavity in recent years