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目的了解北京城区中心地带鼠间汉坦病毒(HV)感染状况及其病毒型别差异。方法选取北京城区某方圆约1km两街区之内的食物资源丰富、场所隐蔽的中、小餐饮行业、蔬菜集贸市场及周边垃圾堆、卫生死角等生态环境,从2003年12月至2004年11月每月连续采用夹夜法捕鼠,计算鼠密度和鼠种构成。应用间接ELISA法检测鼠血清IgG抗体;针对汉坦病毒M基因部分片段设计汉城型汉坦病毒(SEOV)特异性引物,应用RTPCR法检测宿主动物携带HV情况,阳性标本直接测序。利用Excel和SPSS软件分析宿主动物HV感染的动态特征。最后用DNASTAR软件对获得序列进行比较分析。结果共捕获啮齿动物229只,平均鼠密度6.41%(229/3570),褐家鼠和小家鼠分别为餐饮业、农贸市场生境的优势鼠种。褐家鼠血清抗体阳性率3.51%(6/171),带病毒率为0.58%(1/171);小家鼠血清抗体阳性率为6.90%(4/58),带病毒率为1.72%(1/58)。病毒检出率以11、12月最高,抗体水平冬春季(1、4月)最高,与春季人群肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行季节基本一致。2份扩增阳性标本(分别来源于小家鼠和褐家鼠)均为SEOV,差异为5.40%,系统发育分析显示他们位于2个不同的较小分支,但均位于Z37支系。结论北京城区2种主要的HV宿主在一些鼠害重点行业密度仍较高,虽然HV基础感染率不高,但持续存在,为春季人群HFRS发病高峰的重要影响因素。来自2个不同宿主的HV基因有一定的差异。小家鼠的传播作用有所加强,应予重视。
Objective To understand the status of Hantavirus (HV) infection and its virus type in the central area of Beijing. Methods From December 2003 to November 2004, the ecological environment of rich food resources, hidden middle and small catering establishments, vegetable bazaars, garbage bins around the city and sanitary dead ends in a radius of about 1km in Beijing urban area were selected. The monthly month-by-month continuous capture of the rat method of calculating rat density and rat species composition. Serum IgG antibodies were detected by indirect ELISA. Specific primers of hantavirus of hantavirus (SEOV) were designed according to the Hantavirus M gene fragment. The HVT was detected by RTPCR and the positive samples were sequenced directly. Dynamic characteristics of host animal HV infection were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Finally, DNASTAR software was used to compare the sequences obtained. Results A total of 229 rodents were caught with an average density of 6.41% (229/3570). Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus were the dominant species in the food and beverage market and farmer’s market. The positive rate of serum antibody of Rattus norvegicus was 3.51% (6/171) and the rate of virus was 0.58% (1/171). The positive rate of serum antibody of Rattus norvegicus was 6.90% (4/58) and the rate of virus was 1.72% 1/58). The detection rate of virus was the highest in November and December, and the antibody level was the highest in winter and spring (January and April), which was basically consistent with the epidemic season of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in spring. Two positive samples (derived from Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus) were all SEOV with a difference of 5.40%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they were located on two different minor branches, all of which were located in Z37. Conclusions The two major HV hosts in Beijing urban area are still high in some key industries for rodent infestation. Although the prevalence of HV infection is low, they persist, which is an important factor for the peak incidence of HFRS in spring. HV genes from two different hosts have some differences. Mus musculus spread has been strengthened, should be valued.