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目的分析2011年-2013年云浮市流行性感冒(流感)的流行特征,并了解云浮市动物市场外环境中高致病性禽流感病毒的分布情况,为科学防控流感提供依据。方法每周采集监测哨点医院、学校流感样患者的鼻咽拭子标本,采用real-time PCR检测流感病毒核酸,PCR阳性咽拭标本同时采用鸡胚和MDCK细胞分离病毒;同时采用real-time PCR法对活禽市场外环境标本进行禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果 2011年-2013年共检测流感样病例标本5 673份,阳性295例,阳性率为5.20%。2011年-2013年流感流行高峰为当年12月和(或)次年1月-3月。A(H1N1)pdm09型、B型(Victoria)、A(H3N2)和B型(Yamagata)顺序交替成为云浮市2011年-2013年的优势毒株。0岁~15岁少年儿童阳性检出率相对较高。外环境中主要存在H5和H9禽流感病毒。结论云浮地区流感病毒流行较集中于冬春季,循环优势株变化频繁。应加强监测,及时发现病毒的变异情况;同时加强流感的预防接种等有效预防措施,以减少流感流行造成的疾病负担。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza (influenza) in Yunfu City from 2011 to 2013 and understand the distribution of HPAI in the environment outside Yunfu City animal market, so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza. Methods Nasopharyngeal swab specimens from sentinel hospitals and school flu-like patients were collected weekly. Real-time PCR was used to detect influenza virus nucleic acid. PCR-positive pharyngeal swab specimens were also isolated from chick embryos and MDCK cells. Real-time PCR method for detection of avian influenza virus nucleic acid in environmental samples from live poultry market. Results A total of 5 673 samples of influenza-like illness were detected in 2011-2013, 295 were positive, the positive rate was 5.20%. The peak epidemic of influenza between 2011 and 2013 was December and (or) January-March of the following year. The order of A (H1N1) pdm09, Victoria B, A (H3N2) and B (Yamagata) became the dominant strain in Yunfu in 2011-2013. 0-year-old children 15 years old positive detection rate is relatively high. H5 and H9 avian influenza viruses are mainly present in the external environment. Conclusion The prevalence of influenza virus in Yunfu area was more concentrated in winter and spring, and the dominant circulating strains changed more frequently. Monitoring should be stepped up to detect the variation of the virus in a timely manner. At the same time, effective prevention measures such as influenza vaccination should be strengthened so as to reduce the burden of the disease caused by the influenza pandemic.