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为了阐明播期变化与施氮量对冬小麦氮代谢及蛋白质的影响,采用裂区设计,研究播期和施氮量对冬小麦花后茎叶氮含量、积累量和子粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,适度晚播可以提高冬小麦茎、叶的氮含量、氮素积累量和子粒蛋白质含量。与不施氮肥相比,施用氮肥可以显著增加冬小麦不同生育时期地上部氮素累积量,且随着施氮量的提高,茎、叶的氮积累量也表现为先升高后降低的趋势。在同一播期条件下,子粒蛋白质含量以施氮150和225kg/hm~2的处理最高,说明适宜的施氮量能改善子粒品质。分析播期与施氮量对子粒蛋白质含量的作用程度可知,施氮量是引起冬小麦子粒蛋白质含量变化的主要因素,作用程度占66.85%。在本试验条件下,兼顾冬小麦花后茎叶氮素代谢及产量,实现高子粒蛋白质含量的推荐播期是10月11日,施氮量为150kg/hm~2。研究结果可为山西省冬小麦调优栽培提供理论和技术支持。
In order to elucidate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen application rate on winter wheat nitrogen metabolism and protein content, the split plot design was used to study the effect of sowing date and nitrogen rate on post-anthesis nitrogen content, accumulation and grain protein content of winter wheat. The results showed that moderately late sowing could increase the nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation and grain protein content of winter wheat stem and leaf. Compared with no nitrogen application, nitrogen application could significantly increase the aboveground nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat at different growth stages. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen accumulation in stems and leaves also increased firstly and then decreased. Under the same sowing date, the grain protein content was the highest at 150 and 225 kg / hm ^ 2 nitrogen treatments, which indicated that proper nitrogen application could improve grain quality. Analysis of the effect of sowing date and nitrogen application rate on grain protein content shows that the nitrogen application rate is the main factor that causes the variation of winter wheat grain protein content, accounting for 66.85% of the total grain protein content. Under the experimental conditions, taking into account the nitrogen metabolism and yield of winter wheat after flowering stems and leaves, the recommended sowing date to achieve high-grain protein content is October 11, nitrogen application rate of 150kg / hm ~ 2. The results can provide theoretical and technical support for the regulation and cultivation of winter wheat in Shanxi Province.