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为查明华东某铀矿区稻米中放射性核素铀污染现状及健康风险问题,测定铀矿区和对照区共136件稻米样品中放射性核素U含量,采用单因子污染指数法评价放射性铀污染,并开展U元素健康风险评价。结果表明:(1)研究区稻米中U含量平均值为1.46 ng·g~(–1),各亚区稻米中U含量平均值从大到小顺序为:开采矿井区>水冶场区>含矿未采区>废弃矿井区>江西省背景值>对照区;(2)稻米单因子污染指数为1.25,属于轻度污染。其中,开采矿井区和水冶厂区为轻度污染,废弃矿井区和对照区未受污染;(3)首次计算提出江西省大米U元素致癌风险最大斜率系数为1.04×10~3(d·kg)·mg~(–1)。各亚区稻米中成人和儿童致癌风险指数高低顺序均为:开采矿井区>水冶厂区>含矿未采区>废弃矿井区>对照区。儿童直接饮食稻米具有一定的致癌风险;开采矿井区和水冶厂区的成人存在一定致癌风险,含矿未采区和废弃矿井区以及对照区均无致癌风险。
In order to find out the status of the uranium contamination in rice and the health risk in a uranium mine in East China, the content of radionuclides (U) in 136 rice samples from the uranium mining area and the control area was determined. The radioactive uranium contamination was evaluated by the single factor pollution index Undertake U element health risk assessment. The results showed that: (1) The average U content of rice in the study area was 1.46 ng · g -1, the order of average U content in rice in each sub-region was as follows: mining area> watermelon area> Mine area> abandoned mine area> background value of Jiangxi Province> control area; (2) The single factor pollution index of rice is 1.25, which belongs to mild pollution. Among them, the mining area and the watermelting area were slightly polluted and the abandoned mine area and the control area were not polluted. (3) For the first time, the maximum slope coefficient of carcinogenic risk of U element in rice was 1.04 × 10 ~ 3 (d · kg ) · Mg ~ (-1). The carcinogenic risk index of adults and children in rice in each subregion is in the following order: mining area> watermelting area> ore-bearing non-mining area> abandoned mining area> control area. There is a certain carcinogenic risk to direct eating of rice in children. There is a certain carcinogenic risk to adults in the mining area and the watermelting area, and there is no carcinogenic risk in the ore-bearing and abandoned mine areas and the control area.