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价格定义(指“价格是价值或价值转形的货币表现”——下同)隐含着对交换价值概念的歧视。其缘由,可以追溯到劳动价值理论的最初形成阶段。 马克思在创立科学的劳动价值理论时,批判地接受了斯密的价值学说。斯密的价值学说是自相矛盾的,其中,正确的东西和错误的东西安然并存。在斯密看来,决定商品价值的劳动既是“耗费劳动”又是“购买劳动”。然而,两种劳动显然是有区别的:
The definition of price (meaning “price is a manifestation of value or value in money” - the same applies below) implies discrimination against the concept of exchange value. The reason for it can be traced back to the initial formation of labor theory of value. Marx founded Smith's theory of value critically when accepting Smith's theory of value. Smith's doctrine of value is self-contradictory, in which the right and wrong things co-exist. In Smith's view, the labor that determines the value of a commodity is both “labor-consuming” and “buying-labor.” However, the two types of labor are obviously different: