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目的探讨通过碘盐销售点开展预防碘缺乏病健康教育新模式的效果。方法采用多阶段抽样法,每县随机抽取1个干预村和1个对照村组成干预组和对照组。对干预组碘盐销售点的工作人员进行培训,通过他们向社区居民进行宣传教育活动,干预期6个月。开展基线和干预后社区居民碘缺乏病知识、态度、行为(KAP)问卷调查,评价干预效果。结果干预后干预组听说过碘缺乏病的比例提高了35.2%(P<0.01),知道缺碘会造成智力损害的比例提高了33.3%(P<0.01),认为碘缺乏病可以预防的比例提高了35.0%(P<0.01),知道经常吃碘盐是预防碘缺乏病的最好方法的比例提高了38.0%(P<0.01);行为方面,主动购买碘盐的比例提高了5.9%(P<0.05),正确使用碘盐的比例提高了16.0%(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析进一步表明,是否接受干预是影响KAP水平的主要因素:干预后知识得分和行为得分的OR值分别为11.51(P<0.01)和1.87(P<0.01)。结论该模式可显著提高居民碘缺乏病KAP水平,适合在我国西部农村地区开展。
Objective To explore the effect of new mode of preventing iodine deficiency disease health education through the sale of iodized salt. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was adopted. One intervention village and one control village were randomly selected in each county to form an intervention group and a control group. Intervention group iodized salt point of sale staff training, through them to community residents for education activities, the intervention period of 6 months. Carry out a questionnaire survey of knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAP) of community-based Iodine Deficiency Disorders after baseline and intervention to evaluate the effect of intervention. Results After intervention, the proportion of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IODIs) was increased by 35.2% (P <0.01), and the proportion of Iodine Deficiency caused by mental retardation was increased by 33.3% (P <0.01). The proportion of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Increased by 35.0% (P <0.01), and the proportion of those who regularly took iodized salt was the best method to prevent iodine deficiency disease by 38.0% (P <0.01). In terms of behavior, the proportion of active purchase of iodized salt increased by 5.9% P <0.05), the correct use of iodized salt increased by 16.0% (P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis further showed that intervention was the main factor affecting KAP level: the OR of knowledge score and behavior score after intervention were 11.51 (P <0.01) and 1.87 (P <0.01) respectively. Conclusion This model can significantly increase the level of KAP in residents with iodine deficiency disorders and is suitable for rural areas in western China.