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传统神经心理评估的实验控制和生态效度的平衡问题日益受到研究人员的关注,而新兴的虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)技术为问题的改善带来了希望,它不仅可以模拟现实环境并支持被试的直接交互,而且能对传统测试进行再现和扩展。它所形成的评估系统能对刺激的内容和表象、任务的复杂度和被试的响应进行灵活控制,所获取的信息更丰富、准确。在初步评估注意过程(注意、单侧空间忽略)、记忆(前瞻记忆、情景记忆、空间记忆、地形定向)和执行功能方面已获得了令人满意的效果。然而目前VR评估的应用仍存在技术和设备方面的不足,以及对评估者和被试不同操作要求的局限,因此今后除了要规范化现有VR评估系统,还应该进一步发展基础条件来推动系统的广泛应用。
The balance between experimental control and ecological validity of traditional neuropsychological assessment is receiving more and more attention from researchers. However, the emerging Virtual Reality (VR) technology brings the hope of improving the problem. It not only can simulate the real environment and support Participants interact directly, and can reproduce and expand traditional tests. The evaluation system formed by it can flexibly control the content and appearance of the stimuli, the complexity of the task and the responses of the participants, and the information obtained is richer and more accurate. Satisfactory results have been achieved in the initial assessment of the attention process (note that unilateral spatial neglect), memory (prospective memory, episodic memory, spatial memory, topographical orientation) and executive function. However, there are still some technical and equipment deficiencies in the application of VR assessment and the limitations on the operational requirements of assessors and subjects. Therefore, in the future, in addition to standardizing the existing VR assessment system, the basic conditions should be further developed to promote the widespread system application.