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2015年12月的《巴黎协定》开启了国际气候合作新格局,自下而上的单元层次合作开始占据主流。欧盟在2012年提出征收航空碳税,以及之前美国提出的“碳关税”都意图将减排触角延伸到了其他国家。在缺乏国际碳交易市场的前提下,多个国家都借助其国内的碳交易或碳税进行节能减排,这有力推动了全球减排进程,但也导致了减排市场的割裂。而欧盟与瑞士、加州与魁北克的碳交易市场合作扩大了市场规模,降低了减排成本,也为国际气候合作提供了新的路径探索。为应对气候变化,我国在2014年6月开启七个碳交易试点之后,积极推进国家层面的碳交易市场建设,预计在2017年启动。结合对欧盟等碳交易市场对接合作的分析,对中国碳交易市场与其他碳交易市场对接合作应坚持策略、路径等进行探讨,以期对我国碳交易市场未来国际化及早规划有所裨益。
The Paris Agreement of December 2015 opened up a new pattern of international climate cooperation and mainstreaming began with bottom-up unit-level cooperation. The European Union proposed aviation carbon taxes in 2012, and the “carbon tariffs” proposed by the United States in the past are intended to extend the emission reduction reach to other countries. In the absence of an international carbon trading market, many countries are using their domestic carbon trading or carbon tax for energy conservation and emission reduction, which effectively promoted the global emission reduction process, but also led to the fragmentation of the emission reduction market. The EU and Switzerland, California and Quebec carbon market cooperation to expand the market size, reduce the cost of emission reduction, but also for international climate cooperation provides a new path to explore. In response to climate change, China started the carbon trading market at the national level after opening seven carbon trading pilot projects in June 2014 and is expected to start in 2017. Based on the analysis of the docking cooperation in the carbon trading market such as the EU, the strategy of docking and cooperation between China’s carbon trading market and other carbon trading markets should be explored in order to be beneficial to the early internationalization of China’s carbon trading market.